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The New WMO Community Platform
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
27
Publish Date: 27 November 2019
The WMO Community Platform launched at the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-18) in June. Its first module, the Experts Database (contacts.wmo.int), replaces the static Pub5 with an interactive self-service system that allows Members to review and update information about experts and organizations. In September, the Platform’s new revamped extranet − organized by activity area and integrating events and document sharing for working in teams − went live.
Nowcasting Guidelines – A Summary
Forecast
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
27
Publish Date: 27 November 2019
An international expert task team on nowcasting has developed the WMO Guidelines for Nowcasting Techniques (WMO, 2017) to initiate a process for an enhanced integrated and seamless WMO Data-processing and Forecasting System (DPFS). Their purpose is to help National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) by providing them with information and knowledge on how to implement a nowcasting system with the resources available to them and an understanding of the current state of science and technology.
Origin, Impact and Aftermath of WMO Resolution 40
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
27
Publish Date: 27 November 2019
The adoption of Resolution 40, WMO Policy and Practice for the Exchange of Meteorological and Related Data and Products including Guidelines on Relationships in Commercial Meteorological Activities, by the Twelfth World Meteorological Congress in 1995 (Bautista Pérez, 1996) remains a watershed event in the history of WMO. In some respects, it marked the end of what has been called the golden age of international cooperation in meteorology.
Development of Operational Weather Forecasting Shaped by the “Triple-In” Properties of Numerical Models
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
Theme: Weather
27
Publish Date: 27 November 2019
Operational weather forecasting has reached a turning point. It is possible that it could be reshaped by the “Triple-In” properties of “indispensability”, “inexactitude” and “incompleteness” of numerical models. The indispensability of numerical models is a salient feature of current operational weather forecasting. But inexactitude is rooted in almost all numerical schemes, and incompleteness of numerical models will always exist due to the extreme complexity of the Earth system.
Early Warnings of Coastal Inundation
Floods, Forecast
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
Theme: Disaster risk reduction
27
Publish Date: 27 November 2019
Coastal inundation occurs along vulnerable coastlines. The combination of storm surges – typically from tropical cyclones or extratropical storms – and waves, with riverine flooding at various tidal states regularly leads to major loss of life. At least 2.6 million people are estimated to have drowned due to coastal inundation caused by storm surges over the last 200 years (Dilley et al., 2005).
Encouraging Innovation Across WMO
Innovation
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
27
Publish Date: 27 November 2019
The Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-18) articulated a clear and urgent need for innovation to deliver better and more timely weather, climate and water services to stakeholders. The term is mentioned 58 times in the Cg-18 report – four times more often than in the report from the previous Congress. The Cg-18 report expresses the need to support, promote, foster and accelerate innovation.
Weather and Climate Services: An Increasing Range of Choice for the Public and Private Sectors
Weather, Climate services, Partnership
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
Theme: Weather
27
Publish Date: 27 November 2019
Over the past decades, meteorological and hydrological services have seen a growing participation of the private sector in weather and climate services (WCS) 1 as a result of many interacting factors. Technical developments in observation technology, such as remote-sensing, and reductions in the unit cost of information and measurement equipment, have made observation capacity more affordable and accurate.
From Atmospheric Observations and Analysis of Greenhouse Gases to Emission Estimates: a Scientific Adventure
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
Theme: Observations
26
Publish Date: 26 November 2019
The effects of climate change are becoming more evident. Governments are addressing the challenge of climate change through international accords such as the Paris Agreement in 2015. To evaluate progress towards climate targets, governments have adopted a process of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting following agreed protocols. These protocols were established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and described in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006).
Changing Volatile Organic Compound Emissions in Urban Environments: Many Paths to Cleaner Air
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
20
Publish Date: 20 November 2019
Air pollution is the greatest environmental risk to human health. Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 4 million deaths each year, mostly in developing countries (World Health Organization (WHO), 2019). While air quality has improved in many countries in response to effective emission control strategies, other parts of the world continue to experience severe or deteriorating air quality.
Sustainability of Atmospheric Observations in Developing Countries
Bulletin nº Vol 68 (2) - 2019
Theme: Observations
20
Publish Date: 20 November 2019
Climate change and air pollution have negative impacts on several aspects of human activities, especially on health and economies. Environment-related hazards – extreme weather events, failure of climate- change mitigation and adaptation, natural and human- made disasters, water crises, biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse – have ranked as the top global risks for three years running in the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Perception Survey. In the 2019 Survey, these risks accounted for three of the five most likely to occur and four of the five risks with the highest potential impacts.