Flash Flood Guidance System with Global Coverage (FFGS)

Donors:
  • U.S. Agency for International Development/The Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)
  • Climate Risk Early Warning System (CREWS)
  • Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)
Project Partners:
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
  • National Weather Service (NWS)
  • Hydrologic Research Center (HRC)
Contact:

Flash floods are among the world’s deadliest natural disasters with more than 5 000 lives lost annually. Their social, economic and environmental impacts are significant. Accounting for approximately 85% of flooding cases, flash floods also have the highest mortality rate among different classes of flooding, including riverine and coastal. Flash floods differ from river floods in their short time scales and occurrence on small spatial scales, which makes flash flood forecasting a different challenge from large-river flood forecasting. In flash floods forecasting, we are concerned foremost with the forecast of occurrence, and herein focus on two causative events: 1) intense rainfall; and 2) rainfall on saturated soils. Flash floods occur throughout the world, and the development times vary across regions from minutes to several hours depending on the land surface, geomorphological and hydrometeorological characteristics of the region. However, for the majority of these areas, there exists no formal process or capacity for developing flash flood warnings.

To address the issues associated with flash floods, especially the lack of capacity to develop effective flash flood warnings, the Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS) was designed and developed for interactive use by meteorological and hydrological forecasters throughout the world. In support of the FFGS programme, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed by the WMO, the U.S. Agency for International Development/Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID), the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service (NOAA) and the Hydrologic Research Center (HRC) to work together under a cooperative initiative to implement the FFGS worldwide. The FFGS programme is a public benefit effort on behalf of the partners.

FFGS is necessary to provide operational forecasters and disaster management agencies with real-time informational guidance products pertaining to the threat of small-scale flash flooding. FFGS is a robust system designed to provide the products needed to support the development of flash flood warnings from rainfall events using remote-sensed precipitation (that is, radar and satellite-based rainfall estimates) and hydrological models. To assess the threat of a local flash flood, FFGS allows product adjustments based on the forecaster’s experience with local conditions; incorporation of information, such as Numerical Weather Prediction outputs; and any last minute local observations, including non-traditional rain gauge data or local observer reports.

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Objectives

  • enhance the capacity of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) to issue effective flash flood warnings and alerts;
  • enhance collaboration between NMHSs and Emergency Management Agencies;
  • foster regional development and collaboration;
  • generate flash flood early warning products by using state-of-the-art hydrometeorological forecasting models;
  • provide extensive training, including on line training, to  hydrometeorological forecasters; and
  • support the WMO Flood Forecasting Initiative.

Regional Projects

  • Central America FFG (CAFFG) (Operacional): Costa Rica (Regional  Centre (RC)), Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama;
  • Southern Africa Region FFG (SARFFG): (Operational) Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa (RC), Swaziland (now Eswatini), Zambia, and Zimbabwe;
  • Mekong River Commission FFG (MRCFFG) (Operational): Cambodia (RC), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Thailand, and Viet Nam;
  • Black Sea and Middle East FFG (BSMEFFG) (Operational): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, and Republic of Türkiye;
  • South East Europe FFG (SEEFFG) (under implementation): Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Republic of Türkiye;
  • South Asia FFG (SAsiaFFG) (under implementation): Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (RC), Nepal, Pakistan (RC), and Sri Lanka;
  • Central Asia Region FFG (CARFFG) (under implementation): Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan;
  • South America Pilot FFG (under implementation): Zarumilla River Basin (Peru and Ecuador);
  • Haiti-Dominican Republic FFG (HDRFFG) (being upgraded): Dominican Republic and Haiti;
  • South Eastern Asia Oceania FFG (SAOFFG) (under implementation): Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, and Timor-Leste;
  • Myanmar Stand-Alone FFGS (under implementation): Myanmar.
  • Fiji FFGS (FijiFFGS)
  • West Africa FFGS (WAFFGS) (under implementation): Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger

FFGS Moodle Training Platform

FFGS online training platform

Donors

Project Partners