European State of the Climate 2025
- Heatwaves extend from the Arctic to the Mediterranean
- Sea surface temperature is highest on record
- Wildfires burnt the largest area on record.
- 70% of rivers had below-average annual flows
- Europe acts on climate and biodiversity
Rapid warming in Europe is reducing snow and ice cover, while dangerously high air temperatures, drought, heatwaves and record ocean temperatures are affecting regions from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. Europe, along with many other regions of the globe, is exposed to increasing impacts – from record heatwaves on land and at sea, to devastating wildfires, and continuing biodiversity loss – with consequences for societies and ecosystems across Europe.
The findings are released today within the European State of the Climate (ESOTC) 2025 report, produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which implements the Copernicus Climate Change Service, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The report brings together the work of around 100 scientific contributors and provides a comprehensive overview of key changes in climate indicators for the world’s fastest warming continent, including cold environments, marine ecosystems and wildfire risk.
Other resources
Executive Summary
Key Events
Graphics Gallery
About the State of the Climate in Europe series
This State of the Climate in Europe report is produced jointly with the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service.
